13.07.2023 в 15:44

Создание самозаверяющего SSL с полной цепочкой | Корневой и промежуточный Центр Сертификации

Следуя этому руководству, вы станете локальным центром сертификации, который подписывает сертификаты для веб-приложений.

Для этого необходимо выполнить следующие действия:

Создать ключ rootCA и crt.
Создать ключ и crt промежуточногоCA (subCA), подписанные rootCA.
Создать ключ приложения и crt, подписанные subCA.

В конце концов, у вас будут сертификаты root, sub и app (fullchain) и ключ, которые можно использовать в nginx или других программах.

Начало работы

Создайте папку в каталоге /etc/ssl

sudo mkdir -p /etc/ssl/localCA
cd /etc/ssl/localCA

Для команд, не связанных с sudo, используйте chown.

sudo chown -R $USER:$USER /etc/ssl/localCA

Создание Root CA

Создайте внутри /etc/ssl/localCA папку с именем rootCA

mkdir -p /etc/ssl/localCA/rootCA
cd /etc/ssl/localCA/rootCA

Создайте файл rootCA.key

openssl genrsa -aes256 -out rootCA.key 4096

Создайте файл cnf с именем rootCA.cnf

[ ca ]
# `man ca`
default_ca = CA_default

[ CA_default ]
# Directory and file locations.
dir               = /etc/ssl/localCA/rootCA
certs             = $dir/certs
crl_dir           = $dir/crl
new_certs_dir     = $dir/newcerts
database          = $dir/index.txt
serial            = $dir/serial
RANDFILE          = $dir/private/.rand

# The root key and root certificate.
private_key       = $dir/rootCA.key
certificate       = $dir/rootCA.crt

# For certificate revocation lists.
crlnumber         = $dir/crlnumber
crl               = $dir/crl/ca.crl.pem
crl_extensions    = crl_ext
default_crl_days  = 30

# SHA-1 is deprecated, so use SHA-2 instead.
default_md        = sha256

name_opt          = ca_default
cert_opt          = ca_default
default_days      = 3650
preserve          = no
policy            = policy_strict

[ policy_strict ]
# The root CA should only sign intermediate certificates that match.
# See the POLICY FORMAT section of `man ca`.
countryName             = match
stateOrProvinceName     = match
organizationName        = match
organizationalUnitName  = optional
commonName              = supplied
emailAddress            = optional

[ policy_loose ]
# Allow the intermediate CA to sign a more diverse range of certificates.
# See the POLICY FORMAT section of the `ca` man page.
countryName             = optional
stateOrProvinceName     = optional
localityName            = optional
organizationName        = optional
organizationalUnitName  = optional
commonName              = supplied
emailAddress            = optional

[ req ]
# Options for the `req` tool (`man req`).
default_bits        = 2048
distinguished_name  = req_distinguished_name
string_mask         = utf8only

# SHA-1 is deprecated, so use SHA-2 instead.
default_md          = sha256

# Extension to add when the -x509 option is used.
x509_extensions     = v3_ca

[ req_distinguished_name ]
# See <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Certificate_signing_request>.
countryName                     = Country Name 2 Letter
stateOrProvinceName             = State or Province Name
localityName                    = Locality Name
0.organizationName              = Organization Name
organizationalUnitName          = Organizational Unit Name
commonName                      = Common Name
emailAddress                    = Email Address

# Optionally, specify some defaults.
countryName_default             = TR
stateOrProvinceName_default     = Istanbul
localityName_default            = Istanbul
0.organizationName_default      = Berk
organizationalUnitName_default  = Berk ROOT CA
commonName_default              = Berk ROOT CA
emailAddress_default            = burakberkkeskin@gmail.com

[ v3_ca ]
# Extensions for a typical CA (`man x509v3_config`).
subjectKeyIdentifier = hash
authorityKeyIdentifier = keyid:always,issuer
basicConstraints = critical, CA:true
keyUsage = critical, digitalSignature, cRLSign, keyCertSign

[ v3_intermediate_ca ]
# Extensions for a typical intermediate CA (`man x509v3_config`).
subjectKeyIdentifier = hash
authorityKeyIdentifier = keyid:always,issuer
basicConstraints = critical, CA:true, pathlen:0
keyUsage = critical, digitalSignature, cRLSign, keyCertSign

[ usr_cert ]
# Extensions for client certificates (`man x509v3_config`).
basicConstraints = CA:FALSE
nsCertType = client, email
nsComment = "OpenSSL Generated Client Certificate"
subjectKeyIdentifier = hash
authorityKeyIdentifier = keyid,issuer
keyUsage = critical, nonRepudiation, digitalSignature, keyEncipherment
extendedKeyUsage = clientAuth, emailProtection

[ server_cert ]
# Extensions for server certificates (`man x509v3_config`).
basicConstraints = CA:FALSE
nsCertType = server
nsComment = "OpenSSL Generated Server Certificate"
subjectKeyIdentifier = hash
authorityKeyIdentifier = keyid,issuer:always
keyUsage = critical, digitalSignature, keyEncipherment
extendedKeyUsage = serverAuth

[ crl_ext ]
# Extension for CRLs (`man x509v3_config`).
authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid:always

[ ocsp ]
# Extension for OCSP signing certificates (`man ocsp`).
basicConstraints = CA:FALSE
subjectKeyIdentifier = hash
authorityKeyIdentifier = keyid,issuer
keyUsage = critical, digitalSignature
extendedKeyUsage = critical, OCSPSigning

Внимание!⚠️Измените строки значений в файле rootCA.cnf, приведенном выше: 1.сountryName_default 2.stateOrProvinceName_default 3.localityName_default 4.0.organizationName_default 5.organizationalUnitName_default 6.commonName_default 7.emailAddress_default

Создайте файл rootCA.crt

openssl req -config rootCA.cnf \
            -key rootCA.key \
            -new -x509 -days 7305 -sha256 -extensions v3_ca \
            -out rootCA.crt

Создайте каталога newcerts

mkdir /etc/ssl/localCA/rootCA/newcerts

Создайте файл index.txt

touch /etc/ssl/localCA/rootCA/index.txt
chmod 600 /etc/ssl/localCA/rootCA/index.txt

Создайте файл serial

echo "1000" > /etc/ssl/localCA/rootCA/serial
chmod 600 /etc/ssl/localCA/rootCA/serial

Создание Intermediate CA

Создайте папку intermediateCA

mkdir -p /etc/ssl/localCA/intermediateCA
cd /etc/ssl/localCA/intermediateCA

Создайте файл intermediateCA.key

openssl genrsa -aes256 -out intermediateCA.key 4096

Создайте файл intermediateCA.cnf

[ ca ]
# `man ca`
default_ca = CA_default

[ CA_default ]
# Directory and file locations.
dir               = /home/berk/certs/intermediateCA
certs             = $dir/certs
crl_dir           = $dir/crl
new_certs_dir     = $dir/newcerts
database          = $dir/index.txt
serial            = $dir/serial
RANDFILE          = $dir/private/.rand

# The root key and root certificate.
private_key       = /home/berk/certs/rootCA/rootCA.key
certificate       = /home/berk/certs/rootCA/rootCA.crt

# For certificate revocation lists.
crlnumber         = $dir/crlnumber
crl               = $dir/crl/ca.crl.pem
crl_extensions    = crl_ext
default_crl_days  = 30

# SHA-1 is deprecated, so use SHA-2 instead.
default_md        = sha256

name_opt          = ca_default
cert_opt          = ca_default
default_days      = 3650
preserve          = no
policy            = policy_loose

[ policy_loose ]
# Allow the intermediate CA to sign a more diverse range of certificates.
# See the POLICY FORMAT section of the `ca` man page.
countryName             = optional
stateOrProvinceName     = optional
localityName            = optional
organizationName        = optional
organizationalUnitName  = optional
commonName              = supplied
emailAddress            = optional

[ req ]
# Options for the `req` tool (`man req`).
default_bits        = 2048
distinguished_name  = req_distinguished_name
string_mask         = utf8only

# SHA-1 is deprecated, so use SHA-2 instead.
default_md          = sha256

# Extension to add when the -x509 option is used.
x509_extensions     = v3_intermediate_ca

[ req_distinguished_name ]
# See <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Certificate_signing_request>.
countryName                     = Country Name 2 Letter
stateOrProvinceName             = State or Province Name
localityName                    = Locality Name
0.organizationName              = Organization Name
organizationalUnitName          = Organizational Unit Name
commonName                      = Common Name
emailAddress                    = Email Address

# Optionally, specify some defaults.
countryName_default             = TR
stateOrProvinceName_default     = Istanbul
localityName_default            = Istanbul
0.organizationName_default      = Berk
organizationalUnitName_default  = Berk Intermediate CA
commonName_default              = Berk Intermediate CA
emailAddress_default            = burakberkkeskin@gmail.com

[ v3_intermediate_ca ]
# Extensions for a typical intermediate CA (`man x509v3_config`).
subjectKeyIdentifier = hash
authorityKeyIdentifier = keyid:always,issuer
basicConstraints = critical, CA:true, pathlen:0
keyUsage = critical, digitalSignature, cRLSign, keyCertSign

Внимание! ⚠️Измените строки значений в файле intermediateCA.cnf, приведенном выше:
1.countryName_default 2.stateOrProvinceName_default 3.localityName_default 4.0.organizationName_default 5.organizationalUnitName_default 6.commonName_default 7.emailAddress_default

Создайте файл intermediateCA.csr

openssl req -config intermediateCA.cnf \
            -new -sha256 -keyout intermediateCA.key \
            -out intermediateCA.csr

Подпишите файл intermediateCA.csr файлом rootCA.key

openssl ca -config ../rootCA/rootCA.cnf \
            -extensions v3_intermediate_ca \
            -days 3650 -notext -md sha256 \
            -in intermediateCA.csr \
            -out intermediateCA.crt

Создание SSL-сертификата для веб-приложения с доменом

Создайте каталог с именем вашего приложения

mkdir -p /etc/ssl/localCA/exampleApp
cd /etc/ssl/localCA/exampleApp

Создайте файл exampleApp.key

openssl genpkey -algorithm RSA -out exampleApp.key

Создайте файл exampleApp.cnf

[ req ]
default_bits       = 2048
prompt             = no
default_md         = sha256
distinguished_name = dn

[ dn ]
countryName            = TR
stateOrProvinceName    = Istanbul
localityName           = Istanbul
organizationName       = Safderun
organizationalUnitName = Safderun Webapp
commonName             = example.com
emailAddress           = burakberkkeskin@gmail.com

[ v3_ext ]
subjectAltName = @alt_names

[ alt_names ]
DNS.1 = api.example.com
DNS.2 = app.example.com

Внимание! ⚠️Измените строки значений в файле exampleApp.cnf, приведенном выше:
1.countryName_default 2.stateOrProvinceName_default 3.localityName_default 4.0.organizationName_default 5.organizationalUnitName_default 6.commonName_default 7.emailAddress_default 8.DNS.1

Создайте файл exampleApp.csr

openssl req -new -key exampleApp.key \
                 -out exampleApp.csr \
                 -config exampleApp.cnf

Подпишите файл exampleApp.csr с помощью intermediateCA.key

openssl x509 -req -in exampleApp.csr \
            -CA ../intermediateCA/intermediateCA.crt \
            -CAkey ../intermediateCA/intermediateCA.key \
            -CAcreateserial -out exampleApp.crt \
            -days 365 -extensions v3_ext \
            -extfile exampleApp.cnf

Финал

У вас есть 3 папки. Корневой ЦС, промежуточный ЦС и каталог приложений. В каталоге приложений имеется 4 файла.

exampleApp.cnf: cert conf file
exampleApp.crt: public cert file
exampleApp.csr: cert signing request file
exampleApp.key: private key

Файл crt и ключа можно использовать в сервере nginx.

Вы можете продолжать создавать новые сертификаты для новых веб-приложений.

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